MS1 – simple soft processor on FPGA

Everyone has thought about building their own processor at some point, well, maybe not everyone, but I happen to be in that small group of people. Almost from the very beginning of my interest in electronics, I was most fascinated by its digital aspects, and although programming was much more impressive, I enjoyed designing logic circuits the most. In the past, I built various designs that could be called simple processors or microcontrollers, depending on the solutions used. These devices were based on basic logic circuits, and although they were impressive at the time, over time their expansion became increasingly difficult and expensive, especially for someone who had just started high school. Wanting to learn more about the secrets of digital technology, I had to go a step further, and that’s how I became interested in programmable circuits. This led to the creation of new designs based not on many separate chips, but on a single piece of silicon enclosed in an FPGA. However, I will talk about them, as well as the older, logical designs, in another article, because the subject of this text will be one of my most recent projects.

STM32 Ethernet – UDP Server 

Recently I had the opportunity to work on some project using STM32 microcontroller and Ethernet interface. Probably like other people undertaking this topic, I encountered a problem – the lack of “simple” tutorials. In most of the available sources, connecting the Ethernet interface and STM32 chips is described quite confusingly, and in my opinion, there is a lack of instructions describing how to configure this functionality in the simplest possible way, without unnecessary exploration of network aspects. That’s why I decided to prepare this and related material covering the topic of Ethernet on STM32. In this article I will show you the basic functionality of the UDP server.

STM32 Ethernet – the first launch

Recently I had the opportunity to work on some project using STM32 microcontroller and Ethernet interface. Probably like other people undertaking this topic, I encountered a problem – the lack of “simple” tutorials. In most of the available sources, connecting the Ethernet interface and STM32 chips is described quite confusingly, and in my opinion, there is a lack of instructions describing how to configure this functionality in the simplest possible way, without unnecessary exploration of network aspects. That’s why I decided to prepare this and related materials covering the topic of Ethernet on STM32. As a first step, I will show you how to perform the initial configuration so that the microcontroller is visible on the network.

The display that turned out to be more

Browsing popular auction sites, I once came across an offer for a display similar to those manufactured in the 1970s and 1980s. It was described as our indigenous CEMI design, although the “NN” logo, denoting National Semiconductor, was visible on the board. Of course, this type of design was produced in communist Poland, although not on a large scale, it is much more common to find displays from Czechoslovakia, where production volumes were larger. So, I think one can forgive the seller’s marketing gaffe of labeling the element as a CEMI production, although this is also some misrepresentation. Nevertheless, the price of the item was quite low, so I decided to order it, and in this article I will tell you about its construction and the adventures of trying to get it to work.

A forgotten type of integrated circuits

Inside one of my retro treats, the Soviet calculator Электроника МК-52, about which I have already prepared an article“Электроника МК-52 – Soviet calculator in orbit”, as well as in some respects its twin design Электроника МК-61, one can find rather mysterious-looking integrated circuits.

Dark current and transistors without a case

If one Internet trivia site is to be believed, the most manufactured thing in the world is a transistor. This may be true, but the authors of this information must have also taken into account those placed inside silicon cores, although they are not single elements. After all, in discrete circuits there are at least two resistors per single transistor, also the Internet fact can be questioned quite easily. However, whatever one may say, transistors in one form or another are quite common in electronics. It is thanks to them that a whole branch of digital and logic circuits was created, which, along with increasing computerization, have become the building blocks of the modern world.

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